A Microsoft technology consisting of an LDAP directory, authentication service, centralized management of groups and user and computer accounts, and primitive configuration management for Windows hosts.
Active Directory is a directory service created by Microsoft for managing Windows environments.
It is used for:
- Centralized Authentication and Authorization source.
- LDAP services
- Primitive configuration management of Windows hosts through Group Policy.
- Multi-site replication of directory-database data.
Non-Windows functionality is provided through the Samba package on POSIX operating systems (Linux, macOS, BSD, Solaris, etc). All modern Samba releases allow machines to join a domain as if they were a Windows machine.
For a list of ports which must be open in a firewall for AD to work properly, see What firewall ports need to be open for Active Directory?.
Some useful links: